Data storage media containing transparent polycarbonate blends

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to transparent blends of polymers suitable for use in optical articles; the polymers contain residues of BCC and its derivatives, and have properties particularly suited for use in high density optical data storage media. The polymers further contain residues of other polymers, such as α-methyl polystyrene and polystyrene derivatives; bisphenols, such as bisphenol A; cycloaliphatic polyester resins, such as PCCD and its derivatives or some combination of each.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 60/208,139 filed May 31, 2000.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] This invention relates to transparent miscible blends of polymerssuitable for use in optical articles. This invention further relates tooptical articles, and methods for making optical articles from thetransparent blends.

[0003] In addition to use as optical articles, the blends of theinvention are useful in producing transparent articles of manufacturehaving good properties. These properties include food chemicalresistance and melt processibility. These blends are especially usefulfor making transparent molded articles, fibers, films and sheeting.

[0004] Polycarbonates and other polymer materials are utilized inoptical data storage media, such as compact disks. In optical datastorage media, it is critical that polycarbonate resins have goodperformance characteristics such as transparency, low water affinity,good processibility, good heat resistance, and low birefringence. Highbirefringence is particularly undesirable in high density optical datastorage media.

[0005] Improvements in optical data storage media, including increaseddata storage density, are highly desirable, and achievement of suchimprovements is expected to improve well established and new computertechnology such as read only, write once, rewritable, digital versatile,and magneto-optical (MO) disks.

[0006] In the case of CD-ROM technology, the information to be read isimprinted directly into a moldable, transparent plastic material, suchas bisphenol A (BPA) polycarbonate. The information is stored in theform of shallow pits embossed in a polymer surface. The surface issputtered with a reflective metallic film, and the digital information,represented by the position and length of the pits, is read opticallywith a focused low power (5 mW) laser beam.

[0007] The operating principle in a write once read many (WORM) drive isto use a focused laser beam (20-40 mW) to make a permanent mark on athin film on a disk. The information is then read out as a change in theoptical properties of the disk, e.g., reflectivity or absorbance.

[0008] Although the CD-ROM and WORM formats have been successfullydeveloped and are well suited for particular applications, the computerindustry is focusing on erasable media for optical storage (EODs). Thereare two types of EODs: phase change (PC) and magneto-optic (MO). In MOstorage, a bit of information is stored as a˜1 μm diameter magneticdomain, which has its magnetization either up or down. The informationcan be read by monitoring the rotation of the plane polarization oflight reflected from the surface of the magnetic film. This rotation,called the Magneto-Optic Kerr Effect (MOKE) is typically less than 0.5degrees. The materials for MO storage are generally amorphous alloys ofthe rare earth and transition metals.

[0009] Amorphous materials have a distinct advantage in MO storage asthey do not suffer from “grain noise”, spurious variations in the planeof polarization of reflected light caused by randomness in theorientation of grains in a polycrystalline film. Bits are written byheating above the Curie point, T_(c), and cooling in the presence of amagnetic field, a process known as thermomagnetic writing. In thephase-change material, information is stored in regions that aredifferent phases, typically amorphous and crystalline. These films areusually alloys or compounds of tellurium which can be quenched into theamorphous state by melting and rapidly cooling. The film is initiallycrystallized by heating it above the crystallization temperature. Inmost of these materials, the crystallization temperature is close to theglass transition temperature. When the film is heated with a short, highpower focused laser pulse, the film can be melted and quenched to theamorphous state. The amorphized spot can represent a digital “1” or abit of information. The information is read by scanning it with the samelaser, set at a lower power, and monitoring the reflectivity.

[0010] In the case of WORM and EOD technology, the recording layer isseparated from the environment by a transparent, non-interferingshielding layer. Materials selected for such “read through” optical datastorage applications must have outstanding physical properties, such asmoldability, ductility, a level of robustness compatible with popularuse, resistance to deformation when exposed to high heat or highhumidity, either alone or in combination. The materials should alsointerfere minimally with the passage of laser light through the mediumwhen information is being retrieved from or added to the storage device.

[0011] As data storage densities are increased in optical data storagemedia to accommodate newer technologies, such as digital versatile disks(DVD), recordable and rewritable digital versatile disks (DVD-R andDVD-RW), high density digital versatile disks (HD-DVD), digital videorecorders (DVR), and higher density data disks for short or long termdata archives, the design requirements for the transparent plasticcomponent of the optical data storage devices have become increasinglystringent. In many of these applications, previously employedpolycarbonate materials, such as BPA polycarbonate materials, areinadequate. Materials displaying lower birefringence at current, and inthe future progressively shorter “reading and writing” wavelengths havebeen the object of intense efforts in the field of optical data storagedevices.

[0012] Low birefringence alone will not satisfy all of the designrequirements for the use of a material in optical data storage media;high transparency, heat resistance, low water absorption, ductility,high purity and few inhomogeneities or particulates are also required.Currently employed materials are found to be lacking in one or more ofthese characteristics, and new materials are required in order toachieve higher data storage densities in optical data storage media. Inaddition, new materials possessing improved optical properties areanticipated to be of general utility in the production of other opticalarticles, such as lenses, gratings, beam splitters and the like.

[0013] In applications requiring higher storage density, the propertiesof low birefringence and low water absorption in the polymer materialfrom which the optical article is fabricated become even more critical.In order to achieve higher data storage density, low birefringence isnecessary so as to minimally interfere with the laser beam as it passesthrough the optical article, for example a compact disk.

[0014] Another critical property needed for high data storage densityapplications is disk flatness. The disk flatness is dependent upon theflatness of the polycarbonate substrate immediately after the injectionmolding process as well as the dimensional stability of the substrateupon exposure to high humidity environments. It is known that excessivemoisture absorption results in disk skewing which in turn leads toreduced reliability. Since the bulk of the disk is comprised of thepolymer material, the flatness of the disk depends on the low watersolubility and low rate of water diffusion into the polymeric material.In addition, the polymer should be easily processed in order to producthigh quality disks through injection molding.

[0015] There exists a need for compositions having good opticalproperties and good processibility and which are suitable for use inhigh density optical recording media. Polycarbonates manufactured bycopolymerizing the aforementioned aromatic dihydroxy compounds, such asBPA, with other monomers, such as6,6′-dihydroxy-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylspirobiindane (SBI), may produceacceptable birefringence; however the glass transition temperature(T_(g)) melt viscosity is often too high, resulting in poor processingcharacteristics. Consequently, the obtained moldings have low impactresistance and low pit replication. Further, the water absorption ofsuch polycarbonates is unacceptable for higher density applications.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0016] The present invention solves these problems, and providescompositions for storage media having unexpected and advantageousproperties. These and further objects of the invention will be morereadily appreciated by considering the following disclosure and appendedclaims.

[0017] The present invention, in one aspect, relates to the blending ofpolymers to produce transparent miscible blend compositions. In afurther aspect, the applicants were surprised to discover that thetransparent miscible blend compositions of the present invention possesssuitable properties for use in optical articles, in particular for usein optical data storage media.

[0018] The present invention relates to transparent blends of polymerssuitable for use in optical articles; the polymers contain residues ofBCC and its derivatives, and have properties particularly suited for usein high density optical data storage media. The polymers further containresidues of other polymers, such as α-methyl polystyrene and polystyrenederivatives; bisphenols, such as bisphenol A; cycloaliphatic polyesterresins, such as PCCD and its derivatives or some combination of each.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] The present invention may be understood more readily by referenceto the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of theinvention and the Examples included therein.

[0020] Before the present compositions of matter and methods aredisclosed, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited tospecific synthetic methods or to particular formulations, as such may,of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology usedherein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only andis not intended to be limiting.

[0021] In this specification and in the claims which follow, referencewill be made to a number of terms which shall be defined to have thefollowing meanings.

[0022] The singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referentsunless the context transparently dictates otherwise.

[0023] The term “miscible” refers to blends that are a mixture on amolecular level wherein intimate polymer-polymer interaction isachieved.

[0024] The term “transparent” is defined herein as an absence ofcloudiness, haziness, and muddiness when inspected visually.Transparency was determined by measuring transmission, haze, andyellowness index (YI) using a Gardner Colorimeter.

[0025] “Optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently describedevent or circumstances may or may not occur, and that descriptionincludes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instanceswhere it does not.

[0026] “BCC” is herein defined as 1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methyl phenyl)cyclohexane.

[0027] “BisAP” is herein defined as1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylphenylmethane.

[0028] “AMPS” is herein defined as α-methyl polystyrene.

[0029] “PS” is herein defined as polystyrene.

[0030] “PCCD” is herein defined as poly(cyclohexane-1,4-dimethylenecyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylate).

[0031] “Polycarbonate” or “polycarbonates” as used herein includescopolycarbonates, homopolycarbonates and (co)polyester carbonates.

[0032] “C_(g)” is the stress optical coefficient of a polymeric materialin the glassy state, measured in Brewsters (10⁻¹³ cm²/dyne).

[0033] “IBR” is the in-plane birefringence of the molded article,measured in units of nanometers.

[0034] “VBR” is the vertical birefringence of the molded article,measured in units of nanometers per millimeter (nm/mm).

[0035] “Optical articles” as used herein includes optical disks andoptical data storage media. For example, a compact disk (CD audio orCD-ROM), a digital versatile disk, also known as DVD (ROM,RAM,rewritable), a recordable digital versatile disk (DVD-R), a digitalvideo recording (DVR), a magneto optical (MO) disk and the like; opticallenses, such as contact lenses, lenses for glasses, lenses fortelescopes, and prisms; optical fibers; information recording media;information transferring media; high density data storage media, disksfor video cameras, disks for still cameras and the like; as well as thesubstrate onto which optical recording material is applied. In additionto use as a material to prepare optical articles, a blend of the presentinvention may be used as a raw material for films or sheets.

[0036] “Optical data storage media” of the present invention may be ofany type, with compact disks (CDs), digital versatile disks (DVDs),DVD-RWs, HD-DVDs, DVD-Rs, DVRs, and magneto optical disks (MO) beingmost preferred. Devices may also include recordable and rewritableoptical data storage media. In one embodiment of the device, areflective metal layer is attached directly to the substrate comprisingthe transparent miscible blend, where the metal layer comprisesaluminum, gold, silver, or alloys thereof.

[0037] Unless otherwise stated, “mole %” in reference to the compositionof a polycarbonate in this specification is based upon 100 mole % of therepeating units of the polycarbonate. For instance, “a polymercomprising 90 mole % of BCC” refers to a polycarbonate in which 90 mole% of the repeating units are residues derived from BCC diphenol or itscorresponding derivative(s). Corresponding derivatives include but arenot limited to, corresponding oligomers of the diphenols; correspondingesters of the diphenol and their oligomers; and the correspondingchloroformates of the diphenol and their oligomers.

[0038] The terms “residues” and “structural units”, used in reference tothe constituents of the polymers, are synonymous throughout thespecification.

[0039] Throughout this application where publications are referenced,the disclosures of these publications in their entireties are herebyincorporated by reference into this application in order to more fullydescribe the state of the art to which this invention pertains.

[0040] In one aspect, this invention relates to transparent miscibleblend compositions, the transparent miscible blend compositioncomprising two polymers, wherein said polymers are selected from thegroup comprising A, B, and C, wherein

[0041] (A) is a polycarbonate comprising structural units correspondingto structure (I)

[0042]  where

[0043] R₁ and R₂ independently comprise a C₁-C₆ alkyl;

[0044] X comprises CH₂;

[0045] m is an integer from 4 to 7;

[0046] n is an integer from 1 to 4; and

[0047] p is an integer from 1 to 4

[0048] with the proviso that at least one of R₁ or R₂ is in the 3 or 3′position;

[0049] (B) is a polymer comprising structural units corresponding tostructure (II)

[0050]  where R₃ comprises a C₁-C₆ alkyl, hydrogen, cyano or methoxy;and

[0051] (C) is a polymer comprising structural units corresponding tostructure (III)

[0052]  where R₄, R₅ and R₆ independently comprise a C₁-C₆ alkyl.

[0053] In another aspect, this invention relates to transparent miscibleblend compositions, the transparent miscible blend compositioncomprising polymers A and D, wherein

[0054] (A) is a polycarbonate comprising structural units correspondingto structure (I)

[0055]  where

[0056] R₁ and R₂ independently comprise a C₁-C₆ alkyl;

[0057] X comprises CH₂;

[0058] m is an integer from 4 to 7;

[0059] n is an integer from 1 to 4; and

[0060] p is an integer from 1 to 4

[0061] with the proviso that at least one of R₁ or R₂ is in the 3 or 3′position; and

[0062] (D) is a cycloaliphatic polyester resin comprising structuralunits corresponding to structure (IV)

[0063]  wherein R₇ comprises a residue of an aryl, alkane or cycloalkanecontaining diol having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms and R₈ comprises adecarboxylated residue of an aryl, aliphatic or cycloalkane containingdiacid having form 6 to 20 carbon atoms with the proviso that at leastone of R₇ or R₈ is cycloaliphatic.

[0064] In a further aspect, the invention relates to transparentmiscible blend compositions, the transparent miscible blend compositioncomprising polymers A, B, and C, wherein

[0065] (A) is a polycarbonate comprising structural units correspondingto structure (I)

[0066]  where

[0067] R₁ and R₂ independently comprise a C₁-C₆ alkyl;

[0068] X comprises CH₂;

[0069] m is an integer from 4 to 7;

[0070] n is an integer from 1 to 4; and

[0071] p is an integer from 1 to 4

[0072] with the proviso that at least one of R₁ or R₂ is in the 3 or 3′position;

[0073] (B) is a polymer comprising structural units corresponding tostructure (II)

[0074]  where R₃ comprises a C₁-C₆ alkyl, hydrogen, cyano or methoxy,and

[0075] (C) is a polymer comprising structural units corresponding tostructure (III)

[0076]  where R₄, R₅ and R₆ independently comprise a C₁-C₆ alkyl.

[0077] In a further aspect, the invention relates to transparentmiscible blend compositions, the transparent miscible blend compositioncomprising polymers A, B, and E, wherein

[0078] (A) is a polycarbonate comprising structural units correspondingto structure (I)

[0079]  where

[0080] R₁ and R₂ independently comprise a C₁-C₆ alkyl;

[0081] X comprises CH₂;

[0082] m is an integer from 4 to 7;

[0083] n is an integer from 1 to 4; and

[0084] p is an integer from 1 to 4

[0085] with the proviso that at least one of R₁ or R₂ is in the 3 or 3′position;

[0086] (B) is a polymer comprising structural units corresponding tostructure (II)

[0087]  where R₃ comprises a C₁-C₆ alkyl, hydrogen, cyano or methoxy,and

[0088] (E) is a polymer comprising structural units corresponding tostructure (V)

[0089]  where R₉ comprises a C₁-C₆ alkyl, hydrogen, cyano or methoxy.

[0090] In a further aspect, the invention relates to transparentmiscible blend compositions, the transparent miscible blend compositioncomprising polymers B, C, and E, wherein

[0091] (B) is a polymer comprising structural units corresponding tostructure (II)

[0092]  where R₃ comprises a C₁-C₆ alkyl, hydrogen, cyano or methoxy,

[0093] (C) is a polymer comprising structural units corresponding tostructure (III)

[0094]  where R₄, R₅ and R₆ independently comprise a C₁-C₆ alkyl, and

[0095] (E) is a polymer comprising structural units corresponding tostructure (V)

[0096] where R₉ comprises a C₁-C₆ alkyl, hydrogen, cyano or methoxy.

[0097] Transparent miscible blends of polymers are rare. Transparentmiscible blends are not translucent or opaque. Differential scanningcalorimetry testing detects only a single glass transition temperature(T_(g)) for miscible blends composed of two or more components. Inaddition, scanning electron microscopy detects no contrast indicative ofimmiscible phases.

[0098] Birefringence in an article molded from polymeric material isrelated to orientation and deformation of its constituent polymerchains. Birefringence has several sources, including the structure andphysical properties of the polymer material, the degree of molecularorientation in the polymer material, and thermal stresses in theprocessed polymer material. For example, the birefringence of a moldedoptical article is determined, in part, by the molecular structure ofits constituent polymer and the processing conditions, such as theforces applied during mold filling and cooling, used in its fabricationwhich may create thermal stresses and orientation of the polymer chains.

[0099] The observed birefringence of a disk is therefore determined bythe molecular structure, which determines the intrinsic birefringence,and the processing conditions, which may create thermal stresses andorientation of the polymer chains. Specifically, the observedbirefringence is typically a function of the intrinsic birefringence andthe birefringence introduced upon molding articles, such as opticaldisks. The observed birefringence of an optical disk is typicallyquantified using a measurement termed “in-plane birefringence” or IBR,which is described more fully below.

[0100] For a molded optical disk, the IBR is defined as:

IBR=(n _(r) −n _(θ))d=Δn _(rθ) d  (3)

[0101] where n_(r) and n_(θ) are the refractive indices along the r andθ cylindrical axes of the disk; n_(r) is the index of refraction seen bya light beam polarized along the radial direction; n_(θ) is the index ofrefraction for light polarized azimuthally to the plane of the disk; andd is a measure of the thickness of the disk. The IBR governs thedefocusing margin, and a reduction of IBR will lead to the alleviationof problems that are not mechanically correctable. IBR, formally calleda retardation, is a property of the finished optical disk, and has unitsof nanometers.

[0102] Two useful gauges of the suitability of a material for use as amolded optical article, such as a molded optical data storage disk, arethe material's stress optical coefficient in the melt (C_(m)) and itsstress optical coefficient in the glassy state (C_(g)), respectively.The relationship between C_(m), C_(g) and birefringence may be expressedas follows:

Δn=C _(m)×Δσ_(m)  (1)

Δn=C _(g)×Δσ_(g)  (2)

[0103] where Δn is the measured birefringence and Δσ_(m) and Δσ_(g) arethe applied stresses in the melt and glassy states, respectively. Thestress optical coefficients C_(m) and C_(g) are a measure of thesusceptibility of a material to birefringence induced as a result oforientation and deformation occurring during mold filling and stressesgenerated as the molded article cools.

[0104] The stress optical coefficients C_(m) and C_(g) are useful asgeneral material screening tools and may also be used to predict thevertical birefringence (VBR) of a molded article, a quantity critical tothe successful use of a given material in a molded optical article. Fora molded optical disk, the VBR is defined as:

VBR=(n _(r) −n _(z))=Δn _(rz)  (3)

[0105] where n_(r) and n_(z) are the refractive indices along the r an zcylindrical axes of the disk; n_(r) is the index of refraction seen by alight beam polarized along the radial direction, and n_(z) is the indexof refraction for light polarized perpendicular to the plane of thedisk. The VBR governs the defocusing margin, and reduction of VBR willlead to alleviation of problems which are not correctable mechanically.

[0106] In the search for improved materials for use in optical articles,C_(m) and C_(g) are especially useful since they require minimal amountsof material and are relatively insensitive to uncontrolled measurementparameters or sample preparation methods, whereas measurement of VBRrequires significantly larger amounts of material and is dependent uponthe molding conditions. In general, it has been found that materialspossessing low values of C_(g) and C_(m) show enhanced performancecharacteristics, for example VBR, in optical data storage applicationsrelative to materials having higher values of C_(g) and C_(m).Therefore, in efforts aimed at developing improved optical quality,widespread use of C_(g) and C_(m) measurements is made in order to rankpotential candidates for such applications and to compare them withpreviously discovered materials.

[0107] A blending process, as opposed to a copolymerization process,provides certain advantages. Advantages of the blending process includeproducing compositions that are either expensive or unattainable by acopolymerization process.

[0108] The blend composition further provides polycarbonate blendshaving ideal optical properties and suitable glass transitiontemperatures (T_(g)), and which are suitable for use in opticalarticles. Suitable glass transition temperatures are necessary toprovide adequate processibility, for example, ideal moldingcharacteristics.

[0109] The applicants have found that the transparent miscible polymerblends as defined herein, are also suitable for use in high data storagedensity optical media. In particular, the blends of the presentinvention have good transparency, low water absorption, goodprocessibility, good thermal stability, and low birefringence.

[0110] In a further aspect, the present invention relates to datastorage media having both a data storage layer, and an adjacenttransparent overlayer wherein the data storage layer is capable ofreflecting an energy field incident upon said transparent overlayerprior to being incident upon said data layer. Specifically, this aspectof the present invention relates to data storage media comprising thin,about 100 microns to about 0.6 mm, transparent overlayers of the definedmiscible transparent blend compositions. As mentioned, an embodiment ofa data storage medium is a DVD. The DVD typically has two substrates,each about 120 mm in radius and about 0.6 mm thick. These substrates arebonded together to make a double-sided optical medium. An alternativeembodiment of a data storage medium is a DVR, which typically has apolycarbonate substrate (data layer) of about 1.1 mm in thickness and anoverlayer about 100 microns in thickness, the two layers bonded using anadhesive material.

[0111] As discussed above, the transparent blend compositions possessuitable properties for use in optical media, in particular optical datastorage applications. The transparent miscible blends of the presentinvention have glass transition temperatures in the range of about 100°C. to about 185° C., more preferably in the range of about 125° C. toabout 165° C., and even more preferably in the range of about 130° C. toabout 150° C. The water absorption of the transparent miscible blendcompositions is preferably less than about 0.33%, and more preferablyless than about 0.2%, at equilibrium. The IBR values of a disk moldedfrom the transparent miscible blend compositions are about −100nanometers to about 100 nanometers, preferably about −50 nanometers toabout 50 nanometers, and even more preferably about −40 nanometers toabout 40 nanometers.

[0112] For the transparent miscible blend compositions comprising twopolymers, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the first polymerand the second polymer, as determined by gel permeation chromatographyrelative to polystyrene, is preferably in the range from about 10,000 toabout 100,000 grams per mol (g/mol), more preferably in the range fromabout 10,000 to about 50,000 g/mol, and even more preferably in therange from about 12,000 to about 40,000 g/mol. The transparent miscibleblend compositions, comprising two polymers, preferably have a lighttransmittance of at least about 85%, more preferably at least about 90%.

[0113] For the transparent miscible blend compositions comprising threepolymers, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the first polymer,the second polymer, and the third polymer, as determined by gelpermeation chromatography relative to polystyrene, is preferably in therange from about 10,000 g/mol to about 100,000 g/mol, more preferably inthe range from about 10,000 to about 50,000 g/mol, even more preferablyin the range from about 12,000 to about 40,000 g/mol. The transparentmiscible blend compositions, comprising three polymers, preferably havea light transmittance of at least about 85%, more preferably at leastabout 90%.

[0114] The compositions of the particular blends may be varied withincertain ranges to achieve a suitable property profile. The blends aremiscible through the whole range of compositions.

[0115] In the case of the blend compositions comprising two polymers,the percentages of the polymers are about 1 to about 99 weight % of thefirst polymer portion and about 1 to about 99 weight % of the secondpolymer, with the total weight % of the first and second componentspreferably equal to about 100 weight %.

[0116] In the embodiments of the blends comprising two polymers, thoseof which include polymer A as a first component and one of polymer B orpolymer D as a second component, component polymer A is the dominantcomponent and comprises from about 1 to about 99 weight % of the blend,preferably from about 10 to about 99 weight % of the blend, morepreferably from about 30 to about 99 weight % of the blend, and evenmore preferably from about 60 to about 99 weight % of the blend. Inanother embodiment, component polymer A comprise from about 90 to about99 weight % of the blend. The second component, one of polymer B orpolymer D, comprises from about 1 to about 40 weight % of the blend,more preferably from about 5 to about 30 weight % of the blend, and evenmore preferably from about 10 to about 30 weight % of the blend, whereinthe total weight % of the first and second components preferably equalto about 100 weight %.

[0117] In the embodiments of the blends comprising two polymers, thoseof which include polymer C as a first component and polymer B as asecond component, component polymer C is the dominant component andcomprises from about 1 to about 99 weight % of the blend, preferablyfrom about 10 to about 99 weight % of the blend, more preferably fromabout 30 to about 99 weight % of the blend, and even more preferablyfrom about 60 to about 99 weight % of the blend. In another embodiment,polymer C comprise from about 90 to about 99 weight % of the blend. Thesecond component, polymer B, comprises from about 1 to about 40 weight %of the blend, more preferably from about 5 to about 30 weight % of theblend, and even more preferably from about 10 to about 30 weight % ofthe blend.

[0118] In the embodiment of the blend comprising two polymers, those ofwhich include polymer A as a first component and polymer C as a secondcomponent, either component may be the dominant component. In analternative embodiment, polymer A and polymer B may be found in equalproportions.

[0119] The particular composition of the blend may be adjusted dependingon a number of factors including the end use of the blend and thedesired properties of the blend. The composition of the blend isadjusted based on the ratio of the components. For example, more of acomponent in the blend helps to maintain low water absorption and goodbirefringence.

[0120] Representative units of structure (I) include, but are notlimited to, residues of 1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)cyclohexane(BCC); 1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)cyclopentane;1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)cycloheptane, and mixtures thereof.Residues of BCC are most preferred as structural units (I).

[0121] In one embodiment of the invention, the blend comprises fromabout 90 to about 100 mol % of residues of BCC, structure (VI). BCC maybe easily synthesized from cyclohexanone and ortho-cresol.

[0122] A polycarbonate, comprising 100 mole % of structural unitsderived from BCC, is herein referred to as “BCC homopolycarbonate”.

[0123] In the present invention, it is critical that the structuralunits of structure (I) be substituted in the 3 or 3′ position by atleast one of R₁ or R₂. It is preferable that n and p are equal to one,and that R₁ and R₂ are present in the 3 and 3′ positions, respectively.R₁ and R₂ are preferably a C₁-C₆ alkyl, more preferably a C₁-C₃ alkyl,and even more preferably CH₃.

[0124] There has been a great deal of interest in the blending ofpolycarbonates and polystyrenes in the last decade. It would bedesirable, for instance, to decrease the water absorption, raise themodulus, and decrease the stress optical coefficients of thepolycarbonate by blending in a polystyrene. BPA polycarbonate andpolystyrene, however, are immiscible. Therefore, it was surprising tofind that polymers having structure (I) were miscible with polymershaving structure (II), and that the resulting blend is suitable for usein optical articles, in particular, in optical data storage media.

[0125] Representative units of structure (II) are α-methyl polystyrenein which the phenyl ring may be substituted or unsubstituted. In oneembodiment, the second polymer of the blend comprises about 100 mol % ofresidues of α-methyl polystyrene. α-methyl polystyrene may be obtainedby free radical, anionic, or cationic polymerization of α-methylstyreneas described in the literature.

[0126] Representative units of structure (III) are residues of BisAP inwhich the phenyl rings may be substituted or unsubstituted. In oneembodiment, the second polymer of the blend comprises about 100 mol % ofresidues of BisAP. BisAP may be obtained by the acid catalyzedcondensation of acetophenone with phenol.

[0127] The cycloaliphatic polyester resin comprises a polyester havingrepeating units of the structure (IV)

[0128] where at least one of R7 or R8 is a cycloalkyl containingradical.

[0129] The polyester is a condensation product where R7 is the residueof an aryl, alkane or cycloalkane containing diol having 6 to 20 carbonatoms or chemical equivalent thereof, and R8 is the decarboxylatedresidue derived from an aryl, aliphatic or cycloalkane containing diacidof 6 to 20 carbon atoms or chemical equivalent thereof with the provisothat at least one R7 or R8 is cycloaliphatic. Preferred polyesters ofthe invention will have both R7 and R8 cycloaliphatic.

[0130] The present cycloaliphatic polyesters are condensation productsof aliphatic diacids, or chemical equivalents and aliphatic diols, orchemical equivalents. The present cycloaliphatic polyesters may beformed from mixtures of aliphatic diacids and aliphatic diols but mustcontain at least 50 mol % of cyclic diacid and/or cyclic diolcomponents, the remainder, if any, being linear aliphatic diacids and/ordiols. The cyclic components are necessary to impart good rigidity tothe polyester and to allow the formation of transparent blends due tofavorable interaction with the polycarbonate resin.

[0131] The polyester resins are typically obtained through thecondensation or ester interchange polymerization of the diol or diolequivalent component with the diacid or diacid chemical equivalentcomponent.

[0132] R7 and R8 are preferably cycloalkyl radicals independentlyselected from the following formula:

[0133] The preferred cycloaliphatic radical R8 is derived from the1,4-cyclohexyl diacids and most preferably greater than 70 mol % thereofin the form of the trans isomer. The preferred cycloaliphatic radical R7is derived from the 1,4-cyclohexyl primary diols such as 1,4-cyclohexyldimethanol, most preferably more than 70 mol % thereof in the form ofthe trans isomer.

[0134] Other diols useful in the preparation of the polyester resins ofthe present invention are straight chain, branched, or cycloaliphaticalkane diols and may contain from 2 to 12 carbon atoms. Examples of suchdiols include but are not limited to ethylene glycol; propylene glycol,i.e., 1,2- and 1,3-propylene glycol; 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propane diol;2-ethyl, 2-methyl, 1,3-propane diol; 1,3- and 1,5-pentane diol;dipropylene glycol; 2-methyl-1,5-pentane diol; 1,6-hexane diol;dimethanol decalin, dimethanol bicyclo octane; 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and particularly its cis- and trans-isomers; triethyleneglycol; 1,10-decane diol; and mixtures of any of the foregoing.Preferably, a cycloaliphatic diol or chemical equivalent thereof andparticularly 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol or its chemical equivalents areused as the diol component.

[0135] Chemical equivalents to the diols include esters, such asdialkylesters, diaryl esters, and the like.

[0136] The diacids useful in the preparation of the aliphatic polyesterresins of the present invention are preferably cycloaliphatic diacids.This is meant to include carboxylic acids having two carboxyl groupseach of which is attached to a saturated carbon. Preferred diacids arecyclo or bicyclo aliphatic acids, for example, decahydro naphthalenedicarboxylic acids, norbornene dicarboxylic acids, bicyclo octanedicarboxylic acids, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid or chemicalequivalents, and most preferred is trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylicacid or a chemical equivalent. Linear dicarboxylic acids like adipicacid, azelaic acid, dicarboxyl dodecanoic acid, and succinic acid mayalso be useful.

[0137] Cyclohexane dicarboxylic acids and their chemical equivalents canbe prepared, for example, by the hydrogenation of cycloaromatic diacidsand corresponding derivatives such as isophthalic acid, terephthalicacid, or naphthalenic acid in a suitable solvent such as water or aceticacid using a suitable catalysts such as rhodium supported on a carriersuch as carbon or alumina. See, Friefelder et al., Journal of OrganicChemistry, 31, 3438 (1966); U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,675,390 and 4,754,064. Theymay also be prepared by the use of an inert liquid medium in which aphthalic acid is at least partially soluble under reaction conditionsand with a catalyst of palladium or ruthenium on carbon or silica. See,U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,888,484 and 3,444,237.

[0138] Typically, in the hydrogenation, two isomers are obtained inwhich the carboxylic acid groups are in cis- or trans-positions. Thecis- and trans-isomers can be separated by crystallization with orwithout a solvent, for example, n-heptane, or by distillation. Thecis-isomer tends to blend better; however, the trans-isomer has highermelting and crystallization temperatures and may be preferred. Mixturesof the cis- and trans-isomers are useful herein as well.

[0139] When the mixture of isomers or more than one diacid or diol isused, a copolyester or a mixture of two polyesters may be used as thepresent cycloaliphatic polyester resin.

[0140] Chemical equivalents of these diacids include esters, alkylesters, e.g., dialkyl esters, diaryl esters, anhydrides, salts, acidchlorides, acid bromides, and the like. The preferred chemicalequivalents comprise the dialkyl esters of the cycloaliphatic diacids,and the most favored chemical equivalent comprises the dimethyl ester ofthe acid, particularly dimethyl-1,4-cyclohexane-dicarboxylate.

[0141] A preferred cycloaliphatic polyester ispoly(cyclohexane-1,4-dimethylene cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylate) alsoreferred to as poly(1,4-cyclohexane-dimethanol-1,4-dicarboxylate) (PCCD)which has recurring units of formula II:

[0142] With reference to the previously set forth general formula, forPCCD, R is derived from 1,4 cyclohexane dimethanol; and R1 is acyclohexane ring derived from cyclohexanedicarboxylate or a chemicalequivalent thereof. The favored PCCD has a cis/trans formula.

[0143] The polyester polymerization reaction is generally run in themelt in the presence of a suitable catalyst such as a tetrakis (2-ethylhexyl) titanate, in a suitable amount, typically about 50 ppm to about200 ppm of titanium based upon the final product.

[0144] The preferred aliphatic polyesters used in the presenttransparent molding compositions have a glass transition temperature(T_(g)) above about 50° C., more preferably above about 80° C., and evenmore preferably above about 100° C.

[0145] Also contemplated herein are the above polyesters with from about1 to about 50% by weight, of units derived from polymeric aliphaticacids and/or polymeric aliphatic polyols to form copolyesters. Thealiphatic polyols include glycols, such as poly(ethylene glycol) orpoly(butylene glycol).

[0146] In the embodiments of the present invention comprising blendingthree polymers to produce transparent miscible blends, a first polymer(B) is a polymer comprising structural units corresponding to structure(II). Second and third polymers are selected from the group comprisingA, C, and E, wherein (A) is a polymer comprising structural unitscorresponding to structure (I), (C) is a polymer comprising structuralunits corresponding to structure (III), and (E) is a polymer comprisingstructural units corresponding to structure (V).

[0147] In one embodiment of the present invention, the transparentmiscible blend comprising polymers B, A, and C is from about 1 to about50 weight % of the first polymer (B), from about 1 to about 80 weight %of the second polymer (A), and from about 1 to about 80 weight % of thethird polymer (C). More preferably, the blend comprises from about 5 toabout 25 weight % of the first polymer (B), from about 3 to about 70weight % of the second polymer (A), and from about 20 to about 75 weight% of the third polymer (C).

[0148] In one embodiment of the present invention, the transparentmiscible blend comprising polymers B, A, and E is from about 1 to about30 weight % of the first polymer (B), from about 50 to about 98 weight %of the second polymer (A), and from about 1 to about 20 weight % of thethird polymer (E). More preferably, the blend comprises from about 5 toabout 20 weight % of the first polymer (B), from about 70 to about 90weight % of the second polymer (A), and from about 5 to about 10 weight% of the third polymer (E).

[0149] In one embodiment of the present invention, the transparentmiscible blend comprising polymers B, C, and E is from about 1 to about30 weight % of the first polymer (B), from about 50 to about 98 weight %of the second polymer (C), and from about 1 to about 20 weight % of thethird polymer (E). More preferably, the blend comprises from about 5 toabout 20 weight % of the first polymer (B), from about 70 to about 90weight % of the second polymer (C), and from about 5 to about 10 weight% of the third polymer (E).

[0150] Representative units of structure (V) are residues of styrene inwhich the phenyl rings may be substituted or unsubstituted. In oneembodiment, the third polymer of the blend comprises about 100 weight %of residues of polystyrene.

[0151] The blends of the present invention may optionally be blendedwith any other additives such as polymers that are miscible, in amountsthat do not cause cloudiness, including but not limited to bisphenol A(BPA) polycarbonate or 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane,6,6′-dihydroxy-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylspirobiindane (SBI), dimethyl-BPA(DMBPA), tetramethyl-BPA (TMBPA), anddimethyl-1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylphenylmethane (DMbisAP).

[0152] The transparent miscible blends of the present invention mayoptionally be blended with any conventional additives used in opticalapplications, including but not limited to dyestuffs, UV stabilizers,antioxidants, heat stabilizers, and mold release agents, to form anoptical article. In particular, it is preferable to form a blend of thepolycarbonate and additives which aid in the processing of the blend toform the desired optical article. The blend may optionally comprise fromabout 0.0001 to about 10% by weight of a predetermined desired additive,more preferably from about 0.0001 to about 1.0% by weight of thepredetermined desired additive.

[0153] Substances or additives which may be added to the polymers ofthis invention, include, but are not limited to, heat-resistantstabilizers, UV absorbers, mold-release agents, antistatic agents, slipagents, antiblocking agents, lubricants, anticlouding agents, coloringagents, fluorescent dyes and colorants, natural oils, synthetic oils,waxes, organic fillers, inorganic fillers, other miscible polymers, andmixtures thereof. Suitable antistatic agents includedistearylhydroxylamine, triphenyl amine, tri-n-octylphosphine oxide,triphenyl phosphine oxide, pyridine N-oxide, ethoxylated sorbitanmonolaurate, and poly(alkylene glycol) compounds.

[0154] Examples of the aforementioned heat-resistant stabilizers,include, but are not limited to, phenol stabilizers, organic thioetherstabilizers, organic phosphide stabilizers, hindered amine stabilizers,epoxy stabilizers and mixtures thereof. The heat-resistant stabilizermay be added in the form of a solid or a liquid.

[0155] Examples of UV absorbers include, but are not limited to,salicylic acid UV absorbers, benzophenone UV absorbers, benzotriazole UVabsorbers, cyanoacrylate UV absorbers, and mixtures thereof.

[0156] Examples of the mold-release agents include, but are not limitedto, natural and synthetic paraffins, polyethylene waxes, fluorocarbons,and other hydrocarbon mold-release agents comprising; stearic acid,hydroxystearic acid, and other higher fatty acids, hydroxyfatty acids,and other fatty acid mold-release agents; stearic acid amide,ethylenebisstearoamide, and other fatty acid amides, alkylenebisfattyacid amides, and other fatty acid amide mold-release agents; stearylalcohol, cetyl alcohol, and other aliphatic alcohols, polyhydricalcohols, polyglycols, polyglycerols and other alcoholic mold releaseagents; butyl stearate, pentaerythritol tetrastearate, and other loweralcohol esters of fatty acid, polyhydric alcohol esters of fatty acid,polyglycol esters of fatty acid, and other fatty acid ester mold releaseagents; silicone oil and other silicone mold release agents, andmixtures of any of the aforementioned.

[0157] The coloring agent may be either a pigment or a dye. Inorganiccoloring agents and organic coloring agents may be used separately or incombination in the invention.

[0158] Optionally, suitable carbonate redistribution catalysts may beintroduced into the blend. Suitable redistribution catalysts include awide variety of bases and Lewis acids. Illustrative examples include,amines, particularly 1,3-dimethylaminopropane, imidazole, benzimidazole,and benzotriazole, as well as other organic bases, for exampletetraalkylammonium hydroxides, such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide,usually as the pentahydrate, diethyldimethylammonium hydroxide, andtetraethylammonium hydroxide; tetraalkylammonium phenoxides, such astetramethylammonium phenoxide, usually as the monohydrate;tetraalkylammonium acetates, such as tetramethylammonium acetate;tetraalkylammonium tetraphenylborates, such as tetramethylammoniumtetraphenylborate; as well as lithium stearate, the lithium salt ofbisphenol A, the tetraethylammonium salt of bisphenol A, sodiumphenoxide, and the like. Other suitable organic bases includephosphines, for example, triphenylphosphine. A wide variety oforganometallics are suitable catalysts, including organotin compounds,such as di(n-butyl)tin oxide, di(n-octyl)tin oxide, di(n-butyl)tindibutoxide, di(n-butyl)tin dioctoate, dibutyltin, tetrabutyltin,tributyltin trifluoroacetate, tributyltin chlorophenoxide,bis[(dibutyl)(phenoxy)tin] oxide, and tributyltin hydride; as well asorganotitanium compounds, such as titanium tetra(isopropoxide), titaniumtetra(5-methylheptoxide), and titanium tetra(butoxide); as well as,zirconium tetra(isopropoxide), aluminum tri(ethoxide), aluminumtri(phenoxide), mercuric acetate, lead acetate, (diphenyl)mercury,(tetraphenyl)lead, and (tetraphenyl)silane. Also suitable are a varietyof hydrides, including sodium hydride, lithium hydride, aluminumhydride, boron trihydride, tantalum and niobium hydride, lithiumaluminum hydride, lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride,tetramethylammonium borohydride, tetra(n-butylammonium) borohydride,lithium tri(t-butoxy) aluminum hydride, and diphenylsilane; as well assimple inorganics, such as lithium hydroxide, sodium silicate, sodiumborate, silica, lithium fluoride, lithium chloride, lithium carbonate,and zinc oxide.

[0159] The desired optical article may be obtained by molding thetransparent miscible blend by injection molding, compression molding,extrusion methods, and solution casting methods. Injection molding isthe preferred method of forming the article.

[0160] Because the blends of the present invention possess advantageousproperties such as low water absorption, good processibility, and lowbirefringence, they can be advantageously utilized to produce opticalarticles. End-use applications for the optical articles of the blends ofthe present invention comprise digital audio disks, digital versatiledisks, optical memory disks, compact disks, DVR and MO media and thelike; optical lenses, such as contact lenses, lenses for glasses, lensesfor telescopes, and prisms; optical fibers; magneto optical disks;information recording media; information transferring media; disks forvideo cameras, disks for still cameras, and the like.

[0161] The blend may function as the medium for data storage, i.e. thedata may be fixed onto or into the polymer. The blend may also functionas the substrate onto which a data storage medium is applied. Further,some combination of both functions may be employed in a single device.

[0162] In addition to use as optical articles, the blends of the presentinvention are useful in producing transparent articles of manufacturehaving favorable properties. These properties include food chemicalresistance and melt processibility. The blends of the present inventionare especially useful in making molded articles, fibers, films andsheeting.

[0163] The blends of the present invention can be made by methods whichinclude the blending of the polymers at temperatures above about 240°C., preferably in the range of about 240° C. to about 300° C., for atime sufficient to form a transparent blend composition. Suitablemethods for forming the blend include, but are not limited to, the meltmethod, the solution prepared method, the dry blending method, andextrusion.

[0164] In addition to the compositions described above, the blends ofthe present invention may include at least one other modifying polymer.Suitable modifying polymers are those which form miscible blends withthe first and second polycarbonate portions. Possible modifying polymersinclude other polycarbonates, polyesters, polyamides, polystyrenes,polyurethanes, polyarylates, liquid crystalline polymers, vinyl polymersand the like, and mixtures thereof. Suitable modifying polymers may bedetermined by one of ordinary skill in the art by performing traditionalmiscibility tests with possible modifying polymers.

EXAMPLES

[0165] The following examples are put forth so as to provide those ofordinary skill in the art with a complete disclosure and description ofhow the compositions of matter and methods claimed herein are made andevaluated, and not intended to limit the scope of what the inventorsregard as their invention. Efforts have been made to insure accuracywith respect to numbers (e.g., amounts, temperatures, etc.) but someerror and deviations should be accounted for. Unless indicatedotherwise, parts are by weight, temperature is in ° C. or is at roomtemperature, and pressure is at or near atmospheric.

[0166] The materials and testing procedures used for the results shownherein are as follows:

[0167] Water absorption (% H₂O) was determined by the following method,which is similar to ASTM D570, but modified to account for the variablethickness of the parts described in the examples. The plastic part ordisk was dried in a vacuum for over 1 week. The sample was removedperiodically and weighed to determine if it was dry (stopped loosingmass). The sample was removed from the oven, allowed to equilibrate toroom temperature in a dessicator, and the dry weight was recorded. Thesample was immersed in a water bath at 23° C. The sample was removedperiodically from the bath, the surface was blotted dry, and the weightrecorded. The sample was repeatedly immersed and the weight measureduntil the sample became substantially saturated. The sample wasconsidered substantially saturated or at “equilibrium” when the increasein weight in a 2 week period averaged less than 1% of the total increasein weight (as described in ASTM method D-570-98 section 7.4).

[0168] Glass transition temperature (T_(g)) values were determined bydifferential scanning calorimetry using a PERKIN ELMER DSC7. The T_(g)was calculated based on the ½ Cp method using a heating ramp of 20°C./minute.

[0169] Transmission measurements were obtained at 630 nm using an HP8453 UV-vis spectrophotometer. The values were not corrected forreflection at the surface of the parts or for light scattering throughthe thickness of the parts. Transmission, YI and haze measurements usingvisible light were obtained using a Gardner calorimeter.

[0170] C_(g) values were determined as follows. The polymer (7.0 grams)was charged to a heated mold having dimensions 5.0×0.5 inches andcompression molded at 120° C. above its glass transition temperaturewhile being subjected to applied pressure starting at 0 and ending at2000 pounds using a standard compression molding device. After therequired amount of time under these conditions the mold was allowed tocool and the molded test bar removed with the aid of a Carver press. Themolded test bar was then inspected under a polaroscope and anobservation area on the test bar located. Selection of the observationarea was based on lack of birefringence observed and sufficient distancefrom the ends or sides of the test bar. The sample was then mounted in adevice designed to apply a known amount of force vertically along thebar while the observation area of the bar was irradiated withappropriately polarized light. The bar was then subjected to six levelsof applied stress and the birefringence at each level measured with theaid of a Babinet compensator. Plotting birefringence versus stressaffords a line whose slope is equal to the stress optical coefficientC_(g).

[0171] Values of in-plane birefringence (IBR), and verticalbirefringence (VBR) were measured using a Dr. Schenk Prometeus MT136Eoptical disk tester. The CD disks were molded, and the birefringencemeasurements were made on the unmetallized, CD substrates (1.2 mm disk).

[0172] Barrel temperature is indicative of how hot the polymer is insideof the machine as you inject it into the mold and the mold temperatureis the temperature of the cavity mold that the polymer is being releasedinto. The barrel temperature may be, for example, 350° C. and the moldtemperature may be, for example 100° C.

EXAMPLES 1-35

[0173] Listed in Table 1 are experimental glass transition temperatures(T_(g)s) for several of the blends of the present invention. In examples1-35, T_(g)s were obtained from solvent cast films. Films were preparedin the following manner. A4 wt % concentration solution was prepared foreach of the polymers. The solutions were then combined to form theappropriate mixture. For example, for a 90/10 mixture of BCC and AMPS(Example 1), 9 g of a BCC solution was combined with 1 g of a AMPSsolution. The combined solutions were then spread onto a glass slide andthe solvent was left to evaporate overnight. The resulting films weredried for 3 days at 100° C. in a vacuum oven. Once dry, the films wereexamined for clarity and a T_(g) was measured. All of the films in Table1 were transparent, not hazy, and had a single, well defined glasstransition that could be predicted by the following mixture equation forthe T_(g) of the blend, T_(gblend):

1/T _(g,blend) =w ₁ /T _(g1) +w ₂ /T _(g2)

[0174] where w₁ and w₂ are the weight fractions and T_(g1) and T_(g2)are the glass transition temperatures in units of Kelvin for each of theindividual polymers of the 2-component blend.

[0175] Examples 1-5 indicate that BCC and AMPS can be mixed to formsingle T_(g), transparent blends. The T_(g) of the blend is well definedby the T_(g) mixture equation given the T_(g)s of the BCC and AMPSpolymers, Examples C1 and C2, respectively. Transparent, single T_(g)blends are also indicated for Examples 6-10 for BCC/BisAP blends,Examples 11-15 for BCC/PCCD blends and Examples 16-21 for BisAP/AMPSblends. The T_(g)s for BisAP and PCCD, Examples C3 and C4, respectively,are also listed in Table 1. TABLE 1 Examples of Polymer Blends - FilmData BCC AMPS BisAP PCCD PS Tg Example [wt %] [wt %] [wt %] [wt %] [wt%] [° C.] C1 1 141 C2 1 76 C3 1 180 C4 1 70  1 0.9 0.1 121  2 0.8 0.2118  3 0.7 0.3 111  4 0.5 0.5 98  5 0.3 0.7 94  6 0.9 0.1 144  7 0.8 0.2146  8 0.6 0.4 150  9 0.4 0.6 160 10 0.2 0.8 170 11 0.9 0.1 131 12 0.80.2 125 13 0.7 0.3 116 14 0.4 0.6 95 15 0.2 0.8 80 16 0.1 0.9 164 17 0.20.8 147 18 0.25 0.75 143 19 0.3 0.7 131 20 0.5 0.5 119 21 0.7 0.3 113 220.04 0.25 0.71 138 23 0.10 0.10 0.80 171 24 0.10 0.80 0.10 136 25 0.190.20 0.61 137 26 0.20 0.60 0.20 144 27 0.33 0.33 0.33 155 28 0.35 0.150.50 138 29 0.50 0.10 0.40 137 30 0.65 0.05 0.30 139 31 0.65 0.15 0.20130 32 0.8 0.1 0.1 126 33 0.75 0.2 0.05 115 34 0.1 0.8 0.1 164 35 0.20.75 0.05 144

[0176] Examples 22-35 also indicate transparent, single-T_(g) blendsfrom 3 components. When 3 polymers are blended together, T_(gblend) ispredicted from the weight fraction of each of the individual polymers,w₁, w₂, and w₃ and the T_(g)s of each of the individual polymers,T_(g1), T_(g2), and T_(g3) using the following mixture rule:

1/T_(g,blend) =w /T _(g1) +w ₂ /T _(g2) +w ₃ /T _(g3)

[0177] Examples 22-31 demonstrate that blends of BCC, AMPS and BisAPalso have well defined T_(g)s that follow the 3-component mixture rule.Examples 32 and 33, for BCC/AMPS/PS blends and Examples 34 and 35, forBisAP/AMPS/PS blends, demonstrate that polycarbonates and polystyrenecan be mixed to form transparent blends if AMPS is also included in themixture.

EXAMPLES 36-43

[0178] Select examples of the transparent polymer blends (listed inTable 2) were molded into optical articles in order to measure T_(g),C_(g), percent optical transmission, and equilibrium water uptake.Optical transmission at 630 nm was measured using a HP UV-Visiblespectrophotometer. The blend should have an optical transmission of atleast about 75%, more preferably at least about 80% and a C_(g) of lessthan about 60 Brewsters, more preferably less than 55 Brewsters, evenmore preferably less than 50 Brewsters. The blends were prepared bymixing dry powder from each of the individual polymer components in aHenschel high intensity mixer then molded into optical articles. C_(g)bars were either compression molded (Examples 39 and 43), or injectionmolded at temperatures between 250 and 320° C. into tensile bars(Examples 36-38 and 40-42) with “dogbone” shapes (gage section-0.125″thick; 0.500″ wide.

[0179] Examples 36 and 37 (BCC/AMPS blends) indicate that addition ofAMPS decreases the C_(g) of the blend (49 Brewsters) relative to the BCChomopolymer (52 Brewsters), while maintaining a high opticaltransmission. Similarly, Example 38 shows that the BCC/PCCD blend alsohas a high optical transmission and a C_(g) slightly decreased relativeto BCC. Examples 39 and 40, BCC/BisAP blends, also show single T_(g)sand a high transmission (Example 40), though the C_(g) is increasedrelative to BCC with the addition of BisAP. Finally, 3-component blendsare also shown in Examples 41-43 to have single T_(g)s and hightransmission. The BCC/AMPS/BisAP blend, Example 42, has a C_(g) of 40Brewsters, which is substantially decreased relative to BCC and BPA-PC.Most of the blends, with the notably exception of those containing alarge percentage (>about 80%) of BisAP, have lower equilibrium wateruptake than BPA-PC. It is believed that low water uptake is desirable inorder for optical disks to maintain low tilt and warpage and high datafidelity. TABLE 2 Examples of Polymer Blends - Molded Articles BCC AMPSBisAP PCCD PS Tg Cg % T at % Water Example [wt %] [wt %] [wt %] [wt %][wt %] [° C.] [Brewsters] 630 nm Uptake C5: BPA-PC 148 85 88 0.35 C6:BCC 1 140 52 89 0.22 C7: BisAP 1 180 87 0.41 36 0.9 0.1 129 49 85 37 0.80.2 123 85 38 0.9 0.1 134 50 84 0.26 39 0.2 0.8 170 55-60 *** 0.39 400.7 0.3 152 53 84 0.29 41 0.65 0.15 0.2 135 53 86 0.23 42 0.2 0.2 0.6142 40 81 0.29 43 0.8 0.1 0.1 126 43 *** 0.23

EXAMPLES 44-51

[0180] The examples shown in Table 3 were prepared by mixing dry powderfrom each of the individual polymer components in a Henschel highintensity mixer and fed into a 28 mm WP extruder equipped with a mildscrew design. The extrusion was performed using barrel temperatures fromabout 260 to about 280° C. at a screw speed of 300 rpm and a throughputof from about 10 to 20 lbs/hr. The resulting pellets were then injectionmolded into compact disks using an Engel 275 ton injection moldingmachine using barrel temperatures ranging from 550 to 580° F. and moldtemperatures ranging from 171 to 208° F., as shown in Table 3. Theoptical transmission at 630 nm, was greater than 88% for all the disks.Furthermore, the yellowness index (YI) and haze, both measured by aGardner colorimeter, were below 5 and 15, respectively, withinacceptable limits for CD substrates. The high transmittance and low hazeof these examples support the conclusion that the polymer blends aremiscible.

[0181] All of the blends in Examples 44-51 have substantially lowerC_(g), IBR and VBR values than BPA-PC (Example C8), and most have lowerbirefringence than BCC (Example C9). As the in-plane birefringence (IBR)is at a maximum near the inner radius of these CDs and at a minimum nearthe outer radius, the range of IBR is indicated by tabulating themaximum IBR at 30 mm and the minimum IBR at 50 mm, as shown in Table 3.The difference between the maximum and minimum values gives the range ofIBR (ΔIBR). It is preferable that the maximum IBR is less than 100 nm,more preferable that it is less than 50 nm, and even more preferablethat it is less than 30 nm. Similarly, it is preferable that the minimumIBR is greater than −100 nm, more preferable that it is greater than −50nm and even more preferable that it is greater than −30 nm. Also inTable 3, are average values of vertical birefringence (VBR) calculatedby taking the arithmetic mean of VBR values at 30 and 50 mm. TABLE 3Examples of Polymer Blends - Molded CDs Melt Mold Percent Exam- TempTemp Tg Trans- ple Composition [° F.] [° F.] [° C.] mission YI Haze C8  BPA-PC 570 182 142 91.1 1.4 8.4 C9   BCC-PC 570 182 139 88.5 4.2 10.3C10   BisAP-PC 580 208 182 88.2 4.6 7.5 C11   90/10 BPA-PC/ 575 182 13389.7 2.7 10.3 PCCD 44 90/10 BCC/AMPS 550 180 123 89.8 3.3 8 45 80/20BCC/AMPS 550 180 117 88.1 4.5 9.7 46 90/10 BisAP/AMPS 580 208 145 89.23.7 8.4 47 90/10 BCC/PCCD 575 180 128 90.1 2.8 9.9 48 80/20 BCC/PCCD 550184 121 90.8 2.3 9.9 49 70/30 BCC/PCCD 550 171 115 91 2.1 9.5 50 76/24BCC/BisAP 570 182 146 89.9 3.2 7.6 51 65/20/15 BCC/ 550 180 129 89.6 3 8BISAP/AMPS

[0182] TABLE 3 Examples of Polymer Blends - Molded CDs Exam- Cg IBR [nm]IBR [nm] IBR max 30- Avg (VBR 50, ple Composition [Brewsters] Max @ 30mm Min @50 mm IBR min 50 VBR 30) C8   BPA-PC 80 34 −59 94 663 C9  BCC-PC 50 18 −41 59 538 C10   BisAP-PC 53.9 30 −28 58 372 C11   90/10BPA-PC/PCCD 73.5 17 −59 75 601 44 90/10 BCC/AMPS 44.1 20 −5 25 319 4580/20 BCC/AMPS 35.9 13 3 9 260 46 90/10 BisAP/AMPS 47.2 26 −36 62 255 4790/10 BCC/PCCD 47.1 10 −4 13 472 48 80/20 BCC/PCCD 44.2 3 −5 9 422 4970/30 BCC/PCCD 42.4 13 −9 22 424 50 76/24 BCC/BisAP 50.9 39 −35 74 41851 65/20/15 BCC/BISAP/AMPS 40.8 34 −12 47 285

[0183] Examples 44 and 45 (BCC/AMPS blends) have C_(g) values of about44 and 36 Brewsters, respectively, well below that for BCC (50Brewsters) and BPA-PC (80). In addition, the reduced T_(g), whichresults in a lower melt viscosity during molding, and the reduced C_(g),result in a lower birefringence in the molded CD. Example 45 has an IBRbetween 3 and 13 nm and an average VBR of 260. It is also expected thatthe lower T_(g) and melt viscosity would result in improved replicationfor CDs and especially for more advanced optical media with deeper pitand groove structures such as high density DVD and DVD-recordable andrewriteable formats.

[0184] Example 46 (BisAP/AMPS) also has a much reduced VBR (about 255)relative to BPA-PC and BCC. The IBR, though not as low as in Example 45,is still within +−36 nm. Examples 47-49 (BCC/PCCD) have values of IBRwithin +−15 nm, and average VBR values of about 420-475, well below thatof BCC (538), but not quite as good as for the BCC/AMPS blends. TheBCC/BisAP blend (Example 50) has a similar average VBR, but a higher IBRrange (+−40 nm). Finally, the BCC/BisAP/AMPS ternary blend has an IBRrange within +−35 nm and an average VBR of 285, well below that ofBPA-PC and BCC.

What is claimed is:
 1. A miscible polymer blend selected from the groupconsisting of: (i) a first polymer A, a second polymer B, and anoptional additive used in optical applications, wherein (A) is apolycarbonate comprising structural units corresponding to structure (I)

 where R₁ and R₂ independently comprise a C₁-C₆ alkyl; X comprises CH₂;m is an integer from 4 to 7; n is an integer from 1 to 4; and p is aninteger from 1 to 4 with the proviso that at least one of R₁ or R₂ is inthe 3 or 3′ position, and (B) is a polymer comprising structural unitscorresponding to structure (II)

 where R₃ comprises a C₁-C₆ alkyl, hydrogen, cyano or methoxy; (ii) afirst polymer A, a second polymer C, and an optional additive used inoptical applications, wherein (A) is a polycarbonate comprisingstructural units corresponding to structure (I)

 where R₁ and R₂ independently comprise a C₁-C₆ alkyl; X comprises CH₂;m is an integer from 4 to 7; n is an integer from 1 to 4; and p is aninteger from 1 to 4 with the proviso that at least one of R₁ or R₂ is inthe 3 or 3′ position, and (C) is a polymer comprising structural unitscorresponding to structure (III)

 where R₄, R₅ and R₆ independently comprise a C₁-C₆ alkyl; (iii) a firstpolymer A, a second polymer D, and an optional additive used in opticalapplications, wherein (A) is a polycarbonate comprising structural unitscorresponding to structure (I)

 where R₁ and R₂ independently comprise a C₁-C₆ alkyl; X comprises CH₂;m is an integer from 4 to 7; n is an integer from 1 to 4; and p is aninteger from 1 to 4 with the proviso that at least one of R₁ or R₂ is inthe 3 or 3′ position, and (D) is a cycloaliphatic polyester resincomprising structural units corresponding to structure (IV)

 wherein R₇ comprises a residue of an aryl, alkane or cycloalkanecontaining diol having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms and R₈ comprises adecarboxylated residue of an aryl, aliphatic or cycloalkane containingdiacid having form 6 to 20 carbon atoms with the proviso that at leastone of R₇ or R₈ is cycloaliphatic; and (iiii) a first polymer B, asecond polymer C, and an optional additive used in optical applications,wherein (B) is a polymer comprising structural units corresponding tostructure (II)

 where R₃ comprises a C₁-C₆ alkyl, hydrogen, cyano or methoxy, and (C)is a polymer comprising structural units corresponding to structure(III)

 where R₄, R₅ and R₆ independently comprise a C₁-C₆ alkyl, where thepolymer blend has a glass transition temperature of from 100° C. to 185°C.
 2. The miscible polymer blend as defined in claim 1, wherein (A) isselected to be carbonate structural units of structure (I), thecarbonate structural units of structure (I) further selected from thegroup consisting of residues of1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)cyclohexane (BCC);1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)cyclopentane;1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)cycloheptane and mixtures thereof. 3.The miscible polymer blend as defined in claim 1, wherein (B) isselected to be vinyl polymer structural units of structure (II), thevinyl polymer structural units of structure (II) selected from residuesof α-methyl polystyrene (AMPS).
 4. The miscible polymer blend as definedin claim 1, wherein (C) is selected to be carbonate structural units ofstructure (III), the carbonate structural units of structure (III)selected from residues 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylphenylmethane(BisAP).
 5. The miscible polymer blend as defined in claim 1, wherein(D) is selected to be ester structural units of structure (IV), theester structural units of structure (IV) comprising residues ofpoly(cyclohexane-1,4-dimethylene cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylate) alsoreferred to as poly(1,4-cyclohexane-dimethanol-1,4-dicarboxylate)(PCCD).
 6. The miscible polymer blend as defined in claim 1, wherein thefirst polymer (A) comprises from 60 to 99 weight %, and the secondpolymer (B) comprises from 1 to 40 weight % of the blend.
 7. Themiscible polymer blend as defined in claim 1, wherein the first polymer(A) comprises from 1 to 99 weight %, and the second polymer (C)comprises from 1 to 99 weight % of the blend.
 8. The miscible polymerblend as defined in claim 1, wherein the first polymer (A) comprisesfrom 60 to 99 weight %, and the second polymer (D) comprises from 1 to40 weight % of the blend.
 9. The miscible polymer blend as defined inclaim 1, wherein the first polymer (B) comprises from 1 to 40 weight %,and the second polymer (C) comprises from 60 to 99 weight % of theblend.
 10. The miscible polymer blend as defined in claim 1, wherein thepolymer blend is transparent.
 11. An article comprising the misciblepolymer blend of claim
 1. 12. The article of claim 11, wherein thearticle is an optical article.
 13. The article of claim 11, wherein thearticle is an optical data storage medium.
 14. The article of claim 11,wherein the optical data storage medium comprises a data layer and atransparent overlayer adjacent to the data layer, wherein thetransparent overlayer has a thickness of equal to or less than 0.6 mm.15. The article of claim 11, wherein the optical data storage mediumcomprises a data layer and a transparent overlayer adjacent to the datalayer, wherein the data layer has a thickness of equal to or less than1.1 mm and the transparent overlayer has a thickness equal to or lessthan 100 microns.
 16. The miscible polymer blend as defined in claim 1,wherein the additive used in optical applications is from 0.0001 to 10%by weight of the blend.
 17. A miscible polymer blend selected from thegroup consisting of: (i) a first polymer A, a second polymer B, a thirdpolymer C, and an optional additive used in optical applications,wherein (A) is a polycarbonate comprising structural units correspondingto structure (I)

 where R₁ and R₂ independently comprise a C₁-C₆ alkyl; X comprises CH₂;m is an integer from 4 to 7; n is an integer from 1 to 4; and p is aninteger from 1 to 4 with the proviso that at least one of R₁ or R₂ is inthe 3 or 3′ position, (B) is a polymer comprising structural unitscorresponding to structure (II)

 where R₃ comprises a C₁-C₆ alkyl, hydrogen, cyano or methoxy, and (C)is a polymer comprising structural units corresponding to structure(III)

 where R₄, R₅ and R₆ independently comprise a C₁-C₆ alkyl. (ii) a firstpolymer A, a second polymer B, a third polymer E, and an optionaladditive used in optical applications, wherein (A) is a polycarbonatecomprising structural units corresponding to structure (I)

 where R₁ and R₂ independently comprise a C₁-C₆ alkyl; X comprises CH₂;m is an integer from 4 to 7; n is an integer from 1 to 4; and p is aninteger from 1 to 4 with the proviso that at least one of R₁ or R₂ is inthe 3 or 3′ position, (B) is a polymer comprising structural unitscorresponding to structure (II)

 where R₃ comprises a C₁-C₆ alkyl, hydrogen, cyano or methoxy, and (E)is a polymer comprising structural units corresponding to structure (V)

 where R₉ comprises a C₁-C₆ alkyl hydrogen, cyano or methoxy; and (iii)a first polymer B, a second polymer C, a third polymer E, and anoptional additive used in optical applications, wherein (B) is a polymercomprising structural units corresponding to structure (II)

 where R₃ comprises a C₁-C₆ alkyl, hydrogen, cyano or methoxy, (C) is apolymer comprising structural units corresponding to structure (III)

 where R₄, R₅ and R₆ independently comprise a C₁-C₆ alkyl, and (E) is apolymer comprising structural units corresponding to structure (V)

 where R₉ comprises a C₁-C₆ alkyl, hydrogen, cyano or methoxy, where thepolymer blend has a glass transition temperature of from about 100° C.to about 185° C.
 18. The miscible polymer blend as defined in claim 17,wherein (A) is selected to be carbonate structural units of structure(I), the carbonate structural units of structure (I) further selectedfrom the group consisting of residues of1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)cyclohexane (BCC);1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)cyclopentane;1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)cycloheptane and mixtures thereof. 19.The miscible polymer blend as defined in claim 17, wherein (B) isselected to be vinyl polymer structural units of structure (II), thevinyl polymer structural units of structure (II) selected from residuesof α-methyl polystyrene (AMPS).
 20. The miscible polymer blend asdefined in claim 17, wherein (C) is selected to be carbonate structuralunits of structure (III), the carbonate structural units of structure(III) selected from residues 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylphenylmethane(BisAP).
 21. The miscible polymer blend as defined in claim 17, wherein(D) is selected to be ester structural units of structure (IV), theester structural units of structure (IV) comprising residues ofpoly(cyclohexane-1,4-dimethylene cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylate) alsoreferred to as poly(1,4-cyclohexane-dimethanol-1,4-dicarboxylate)(PCCD).
 22. The miscible polymer blend as defined in claim 17, wherein(E) is selected to be vinyl polymer structural units of structure (V),the vinyl polymer structural units of structure (V) selected fromresidues polystyrene (PS).
 23. The miscible polymer blend as defined inclaim 17, wherein the first polymer (A) comprises from 1 to 80 weight %,the second polymer (B) comprises from 1 to 50 weight %, and the thirdpolymer (C) comprises from 1 to 80 weight % of the blend.
 24. Themiscible polymer blend as defined in claim 17, wherein the first polymer(A) comprises from 50 to 98 weight %, the second polymer (B) comprisesfrom 1 to 30 weight %, and the third polymer (E) comprises from 1 to 20weight % of the blend.
 25. The miscible polymer blend as defined inclaim 17, wherein the first polymer (B) comprises from 1 to 30 weight %,the second polymer (C) comprises from 50 to 98 weight %, and the thirdpolymer (E) comprises from 1 to 20 weight % of the blend.
 26. Themiscible polymer blend as defined in claim 17, wherein the polymer blendis transparent.
 27. An article comprising the miscible polymer blend ofclaim
 17. 28. The article of claim 27, wherein the article is an opticalarticle.
 29. The article of claim 27, wherein the article is an opticaldata storage medium.
 30. The article of claim 27, wherein the opticaldata storage medium comprises a data layer and a transparent overlayeradjacent to the data layer, wherein the transparent overlayer has athickness of equal to or less than 0.6 mm.
 31. The article of claim 27,wherein the optical data storage medium comprises a data layer and atransparent overlayer adjacent to the data layer, wherein the data layerhas a thickness of equal to or less than 1.1 mm and the transparentoverlayer has a thickness equal to or less than 100 microns.
 32. Themiscible polymer blend as defined in claim 17, wherein the optionaladditive used in optical applications is from 0.0001 to 10% by weight ofthe blend.